Vernalization is mainly controlled by three loci (VRN-H1, VRN-H2 and VRN-H3), which interact in an epistatic fashion to determine vernalization sensitivity. ![]() Ppd-H2 on 2H regulates phenology under short day length. The Ppd-H1 locus on chromosome 2(2H) regulates flowering time under long days. These genes regulate photoperiod (Ppd-H1 and Ppd-H2), vernalization (Vrn- H1, Vrn-H2 and Vrn-H3) and the duration of the vegetative phase (Eps). ![]() Three major genes control heading date in barley. It is used to reduce climatic risks such as frosts and water stress at sensitive periods during crop development. ![]() Sowing date is a management option to influence heading date. Important factors affecting heading date in barley are temperatures, photoperiod and sowing date. Barley heading date is important in adapting barley genotypes to different environments.
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